Define romanticism art movement

Ghanas post-independence governments have made a number of requests for the return of looted and illegally acquired Ghanaian cultural objects in the collections of European museums. While the majority of those requests were denied, a few were honoured. This paper assesses three of the demands and the aftermath of their return. It also examines the preparedness of heritage institutions and museums in Ghana inrelation to issues of restitution and repatriation. The paper identifies the numerous challenges confronting the museum and heritage sector in Ghana and concludes by calling on policy makers, traditional authorities, universities and the government of Ghana to deepen public awareness of cultural heritage, invest more in museums and heritage institutions to function well and revisit earlier demands that were denied.

Most of the collections and objects of noble significance to Africans lie outside the continent. UNESCO, has tirelessly worked with international bodies to ensure the return of priceless objects signifying the identity of a people back to them. Despite all their efforts, these objects still havent moved from where they are to where they originally belong. This article attempts to uncover the reasons for this ineffectualness and what more needs to be done by the international bodies to achieve efficacy.

In recent years following the French presidents speech in Africa and the BLM (black lives matter) movement, restitution discourse gained momentum and attention in museums and cultural circles, specifically regarding the African looted objects. However, this did not make the issue less controversial or more accessible. Restitution is still an issue with no common grounds, specifically regarding its main problematic area: the acquisition methods and its complications. This research will highlight some facts regarding the acquisition methods during colonization and the restitution attempts with its past and current obstacles. It will question the legitimacy of the acquisition methods by analyzing several examples focusing on the gift notion and its specific controversial nature in the colonial context. The research will conclude by asserting the need for an integral ethical-based reparation policy that aims to ensure just solutions for victims of colonization, including restitution of their lost heritage.

Frances colonialism over Subsharan Africa until the 1960s has had persistant psychological and material consequences. Amongst them is the lingering presence of a significant amount of African objects in French museum collections. In the last five years, Subsaharan African countries have reiterated their desire to receive parts of these collections. Through their restitution requests, they identify themselves as the objects legitimate owners and claim to have been robbed of their cultural property during colonialism. The exact conditions under which each Subsaharan artifact arrived on French groundswhether through theft, donations, sales, or lootingremain unsettled. Even where thefts can be proven, they occurred at a time where colonialism was approved by international law. The French governments recent favorable responses to African restitution requests might have concluded this debate had Frances national heritage not been protected by the five-century old inalienability pr...

This paper examines the legal and philosophical debates regarding the repatriation of cultural property from the colonized world that are currently located in western museums focusing on artifacts from Sub-Saharan African Africa that are currently housed in Europe. We will then discuss how the debates around the restitution have both drawn from, and inspired global politics movements for racial justice that have foreground the materiality of politics and the political imagination.